HELIADES
Greek Name
Νησοι Ἡλιαδες
Transliteration
Nêsoi Hêliades
Latin Spelling
Nesi Heliades
Translation
Islands of the Sun
THE HELIADES was a seven island, paradise realm of the far south, located somewhere in the Indian Ocean beyond Aithiopia (Ethiopia-Africa) and India. It was a peaceful realm untouched by winter with rich forests of ever-fruiting trees.
The inhabitants were a beautiful and virtuous race. They were tall and hairless--except for the hair on their heads, chins and brows--with flexible, rubbery bones. They had large valved-ears and split tongues which allowed them to carry on two conversations at the same time and to mimic the sounds of animals and birds. They dressed in rich, linen robes dyed purple.
The Heliades, "People of the Sun", were an extremely long-lived race. At the age of 150, however, they euthanised themselves by means of a magical plant which, when lain upon, brought a painless, sleep-like death. Their lives were otherwise untouched by death or disease and even severed limbs could be re-attached by means of a magical glue extracted from the blood of the amphisbainai-tortoises inhabiting the islands.
Each of the seven islands was ruled by a king--the oldest man--who at the age of 150 was euthanised and succeeded by the next eldest in line. The nation possessed no families, instead children were raised in common without knowledge of their parents. Infants were placed on the back of a magical bird at birth to determine their spiritual disposition--those who failed the test were rejected and left in the wilderness to die.
The legend of the Sun Isles is a curious combination of the blessed realm myth--similar to Hyperborea, Aithiopia and the Blessed Isles described by the poets--, vague travellers' reports of lands of the far-south, and the ideal state of philosophical musings--such as that of Plato's Republic. It is worth comparing this island realm with Plato's Atlantis, Pindar's Hyperborea, Ktesias' mythical India and Euhemerus' Pankhaia.
CLASSICAL LITERATURE QUOTES
Diodorus Siculus, Library of History 2. 55. 1 - 60. 3 (trans. Oldfather) (Greek
historian C1st B.C.) :
"With regard to the island which has been discovered in Okeanos (the Ocean) to the south and the marvellous
tales told concerning it, we shall now endeavour to give a brief account, after we have first set forth
accurately the causes which led to its discovery.
There was a certain Iamboulos (Iambulus) who from his boyhood up had been devoted to the pursuit of education,
and after the death of his father, who had been a merchant, he also gave himself to that calling; and while
journeying inland to he spice-bearing region of Arabia he and his companions on the trip were taken captive by
some robbers. Now at first he and one of his fellow-cpatives were appointed to be herdsmen, but later he and his
companion were made captive by certain Aithiopians (Ethiopians) and led off to the coast of Aithiopia (Ethiopia)
[i.e. modern-day coastal Sudan and Somalia]. They were kidnapped in order that, being of an alien people, they
might effect the purification of the land. For among the Aithiopes who lived in that place there was a custom,
which had been handed down from ancient times, and had been ratified by oracles of the gods, over a period of
twenty generations or six hundred years, the generation being reckoned at thirty years; and at the time when the
purification by means of the two men was to take place, a boat had been built for them sufficient in size and
strong enough to withstand the storms at sea, one which could easily be manned by two men; and then loading it
with food enough to maintain two men for six months and putting them on board they commanded them to set out to
sea as the oracle had ordered. Furthermore, they commanded them to steer towards the south; for, they were told,
they would come to a happy island and to men of honourable character, and among them they would lead a blessed
existence. And in a like manner, they stated, their own people, in case the men whom they sent forth should
arrive safely at the island, would enjoy peace and a happy life in every respect throughout six hundred years;
but if, dismayed at the extent of the sea, they should turn back on their course they would, as impious men and
destroyers of the entire nation, suffer the severest penalties.
Accordingly, the Aithiopes (Ethiopians), they say, held a great festal assembly by the sea, and after offering
costly sacrifices they crowned with flowers the men who were to seek out the island and effect the purification
of the nation and then sent them forth. And these men, after having sailed over a vast sea and been tossed about
four months by storms, were carried to the island about which they had been informed beforehand; it was round in
shape and had a circumference of five thousand stades [i.e. roughly 900 kilometres].
But when they were now drawing near to the island, the account proceeds, some of the natives met them and drew
their boat to land; and the inhabitants of the island, thronging together, were astonished at the arrival of the
strangers, but they treated them honourably and shared with them the necessities of life which their country
afforded. The dwellers upon this island differ greatly both in the characteristics of their bodies and in their
manners from the men in our part of the inhabited world; for they are all nearly alike in the shape of their
bodies and are over four cubits in height, but the bones of the body have the ability to bend to a certain
extent and then straighten out again, like the sinewy parts. They are also exceedingly tender in respect to
their bodies and yet more vigorous than is the case among us; for when they have seized any object in their
hands no man can extract it from the grasp of their fingers. There is absolutely no hair on any part of their
bodies except on the head, eyebrows and eyelids, and on the chin, but the other parts of the body are so smooth
that not even the least down can be seen on them. They are also remarkably beautiful and well-proportioned in
the outline of the body. The openings of their ears are much more spacious than ours and growths have developed
that serve as valves, so to speak, to close them. And they have a peculiarity in regard to the tongue, partly
the work of nature and congenital with them and partly intentionally brought about by artifice; among them,
namely, the tongue is double for a certain distance, but they divide the inner portions still further, with the
result that it becomes a double tongue as far as its base. Consequently they are very versatile as to the sounds
they can utter, since they imitate not only every articulate language used by man but also the varied
chatterings of the birds, and, in general, they can reproduce any peculiarity of sound. And the most remarkable
thing of all is that at one and the same time they can converse perfectly with two persons who fall in with
them, both answering questions and discoursing pertinently on the circumstances of the moment; for with one
division of the tongue they can converse with the one person, and likewise with the other talk with the
second.
Their climate is most temperate, we are told, considering that they live at the equator, and they suffer neither
from heat nor from cold. Moreover, the fruits in their island ripen throughout the entire year, even as the poet
writes [Homer, Odyssey 7.120-21], ‘Here pear on pear grows old, and apple close on apple, yea,
and clustered grapes on grapes, and fig on fig.’ And with them the day is always the same length as the
night, and at midday no shadow is cast of any object because the sun is in the zenith.
These islanders, they go on to say, live in groups which are based on kinship and on political organizations, no
more than four hundred kinsmen being gathered together in this way; and the members spend their time in the
meadows, the land supplying them with many things for sustenance; for by reason of the fertility of the island
and the mildness of the climate, food-stuffs are produced of themselves in greater quantity than is sufficient
for their needs. For instance, a reed grows there in abundance, and bears a fruit in great plenty that is very
similar to the white vetch. Now when they have gathered this they steep it in warm water until it has become
about the size of a pigeon's egg; then after they have crushed it and rubbed it skilfully with their hands, they
mould it into loaves, which are baked and eaten, and they are of surprising sweetness.
There are also in the island, they say, abundant springs of water, the warm springs serving well for bathing and
the relief of fatigue, the cold excelling in sweetness and possessing the power to contribute to good
health.
Moreover, the inhabitants give attention to every branch of learning and especially to astrology; and they use
letters which, according to the value of the sounds they represent, are twenty-eight in number, but the
characters are only seven, each one of which can be formed in four different ways. Nor do they write their lines
horizontally, as we do, but from the top to the bottom perpendicularly.
And the inhabitants, they tell us, are extremely long-lived, living even to the age of one hundred and fifty
years, and experiencing for the most part no illness. Anyone also among them who has become crippled or suffers,
in general, from any physical infirmity is forced by them, in accordance with an inexorable law, to remove
himself from life. And there is also a law among them that they should live only for a stipulated number of
years, and that at the completion of this period they should make away with themselves of their own accord, by a
strange manner of death; for there grows among them a plant of peculiar nature, and whenever a man lies down
upon it, imperceptibly and gently he falls asleep and dies.
They do not marry, we are told, but possess their children in common, and maintaining the children who are born
as if they belonged to all, they love them equally; and while the children are infants those who suckle the
babes often change them around in order that not even the mothers may know their own offspring. Consequently,
since there is no rivalry among them, they never experience civil disorders and they never cease placing the
highest value upon internal harmony.
There are also animals among them, we are told, which are small in size but the object of wonder by reason of
the nature of their bodies and the potency of their blood; for they are round in form and very similar to
tortoises, but they are marked on the surface by two diagonal stripes, at each end of which they have an eye and
a mouth; consequently, through seeing with four eyes and using as many mouths, yet it gathers its food into one
gullet, and down this its nourishment is swallowed and all flows together into one stomach; and in like manner
its other organs and all its inner parts are single. It also ahs beneath its all around its body many feet, by
means of which it can move in whatever direction it pleases. And the blood of this animal, they say, has a
marvellous potency; for it immediately glues on to its place any living member that has been severed; even if a
hand or the like should happen to have been cut off, by the use of this blood it is glued on again, provided
that the cut is fresh, and the same thing is true of such other parts of the body as are not connected with the
regions which are vital and sustain the person's life.
Each group of the inhabitants also keeps a bird of great size and of a nature peculiar to itself, by means of
which a test is made of the infant children to learn what their spiritual disposition is; for they place them
upon the birds, and such of them as are able to endure the flight through the air as the birds take wing they
rear, but such as become nauseated and filled with consternation they cast out, as not likely either to live
many years and being, besides, of no account because of their dispositions.
In each group the oldest man regularly exercises the leadership, just as if he were a kind of king, and is
obeyed by all the members; and when the first such ruler makes an end of his life in accordance with the law
upon the completion of his one hundred and fiftieth year, the next oldest succeeds to the leadership. The sea
about the island has strong currents and is subject to great flooding and ebbing of the tides and is sweet in
taste. And as for the stars of our heavens, the Bears and many more, we are informed, are not visible at all.
The number of these islands was seven, and they are very much the same in size and at about equal distances from
one another, and all follow the same customs and laws.
Although all the inhabitants enjoy an abundant provision of everything from what grows of itself in these
islands, yet they do not indulge in the enjoyment of this abundance without restraint, but they practise
simplicity and take for their food only what suffices for their needs. Meat and whatever else is roasted or
boiled in water are prepared by them, but of all the other dishes ingeniously concocted by professional cooks,
such as sauces and the various kinds of seasonings, they have no notion whatsoever.
And they worship gods that which encompasses all things [i.e. the atmosphere or ether] and the sun, and, in
general, all the heavenly bodies.
Fishes of every kind in great numbers are caught by them by sundry devices and not a few birds. There is also
found among them an abundance of fruit trees growing wild, and olive trees and vines grow there, from which they
make both olive oil and wine in abundance. Snakes also, we are told, which are of immense size and yet do no
harm to the inhabitants, have a meat which is edible and exceedingly sweet. And their clothing they make
themselves from a certain reed which contains in the centre a downy substance that is bright to the eye and
soft, which they gather and mingle with crushed sea-shells and thus make remarkable garments of a purple hue. As
for the animals of the islands, their natures are peculiar and so amazing as to defy credence.
All the details of their diet, we are told, follow a prescribed arrangement, since they do not all take their
food at the same time nor is it always the same; but it has been ordained that on certain fixed days they shall
eat at one time fish, at another time fowl, sometimes the flesh of land animals, and sometimes olives and the
most simple side-dishes.
They also take turns in ministering to the needs of one another, some of them fishing, others working at the
crafts, others occupying themselves in other useful tasks, and still others, with the exception of those who
have come to old age, performing the services of the group in a definite cycle. And at the festivals and feasts
which are held among them, there are both pronounced and sung in honour of the gods hymns and spoken laudations,
and especially in honour of the sun, after whom they name both the islands and themselves [i.e. Heliades, the
islands and children of the sun].
They inter their dead at the time when the tide is at the ebb, burying them in the sand along the beach, the
result being that at flood-tide the place has fresh sand heaped upon it. The reeds, they say, from which the
fruit for their nourishment is derived, being a span in thickness increase at the times of full-moon and again
decrease proportionately as it wanes. And the water of the warm springs, being sweet and health-giving,
maintains its heat and never becomes cold, save when it is mixed with cold water or wine.
After remaining among this people for seven years, the account continues, Iamboulos and his companion were
ejected against their will, as being malefactors and as having been educated to evil habits. Consequently, after
they had again fitted out their little boat they were compelled to take their leave, and when they had stored up
provisions in it they continued their voyage for more than four months. Then they were shipwrecked upon a sandy
and marshy region of India; and his companion lost his life in the surf, but Iamboulos, having found his way to
a certain village, was then brought by the natives into the presence of the king at Palibothra, a city which was
distant a journey of many days from the sea. And since the king was friendly to the Greeks and devoted to
learning he considered Iamboulos worthy of cordial welcome; and at length, upon receiving a permission of
safe-conduct, he passed over first of all into Persia and later arrived safe in Greece.
Now Iamboulos (Iambulus) felt that these matters deserved to be written down, and he added to his account not a
few facts about India, facts of which all other men were ignorant at that time."
SOURCES
GREEK
- Diodorus Siculus, The Library of History - Greek History C1st B.C.
BIBLIOGRAPHY
A complete bibliography of the translations quoted on this page.